The Importance of Each Decision in Robert Frosts The...

The Importance of Each Decision in The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -- / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference. Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken is a lyrical poem about the decisions that one must make in life. When a man approaches a fork in the road on which he is traveling, he must choose which path to take. The choice that he makes, as with any choices made in life, affects him in a way that has made all the difference . Thematically, the poem argues that no matter how small a decision is, that decision will affect a persons life forever. The Road Not Taken is told as a first-person narrative. The narrator is looking back on the decisions that have affected him.†¦show more content†¦The man had to decide which path to take, one that was very worn, or one less traveled by. He decided to take the less traveled path and keep the first for another day. Looking back on this situation, the narrator feels his decision has changed his life forever. On the other hand, Frost could be using the images presented in the poem in a very involved and general way. The paths and the fork may no longer refer to their definitions, but instead as keywords in a description of life. Through the poem, Frost is defining life as a series of decisions. Some of these decisions may, at the time, be thought of as insignificant, while others could be thought of as very significant. Frost argues that a decisions significance at the time is not really important, for any choice will change ones life. Every day, people, including the narrator of the poem, are presented with Two roads that diverge in a yellow wood. These roads are not concrete or physical, but rather represent choices. The fact that one road is grassy and wanted wear while the other was commonly traversed shows the reader that some choices require one to choose something that is not commonly sought or to do something that is not commonly done. The total of these decisions leads people, li ke the reader, down a new path: a path which the narrator himself created. The narrator comes to the realization that everyShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken1800 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Introduction Robert Frost is one of the best known poets in American history, and his poem, The Road Not Taken is among the most well-known of all his poems. Frost places a great deal of emphasis on nature in his writing, as he was a lover of the countryside. He based many of his poems on the New England scenery, which was his home for most of his life. I chose this particular poem because I have enjoyed the readings we have done so far of his work and The RoadRead MoreEssay about Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken828 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frosts The Road Not Taken Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a symbolic poem of the complications people must face in the course of their lives. Although it is not difficult to understand the meaning of the poem through it’s title, it is however hard to interpret what the author means when he describes the roads. Throughout the poem, the two roads appear similar at times and different at others. He uses free imagery to make his poem more complex for the audience. In the first stanzaRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Roads, Two Choices, One Decision â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† written by Robert Frost, discusses a traveler who has to make a choice between two roads. In the first stanza, the traveler remembers standing at an intersection of two roads. Indecisive about which road to take, he seems to believe that one of the roads would be more beneficial to him (Lee 5). In stanza two, the narrator refers to the traveler’s unexpected decision to take the other road by giving details of it. In addition, the narratorRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhile gazing at the farmland on the rural outskirts of Derry, NH, Robert Frost created an American masterpiece. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, is a dynamic and deep poem orchestrated to perfection. However, equal to its acclaim, is the misunderstanding of the poem. A piece of literature of this stature deserves to be under the microscope of our classes critical discussions. I believe that the time would be beneficial to everyone. Giving a breath of fresh air to a poem that has been abused by Hallmark cardsRead MoreAnalysis of The Road Not Taken by Robert Forst Essay example628 Words   |  3 PagesRobert Frost’s poem defines ones elation rotating to understanding. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† he describes what many people encounter daily with decision making. This poem talks about choices we make by comparing them to a folk in a road that may seem less or often traveled. Many people are confronted with choices in their everyday life, which could affect them long term whether it is negative or positive. The options we decide on can determine what our future and present life holds whether it isRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Essay504 Words   |  3 PagesThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost In Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken, (reprinted in Laurence Perrine and Thomas R. Arp, Sound and Senses, 8th ed. [San Diego: Harcourt, 1992] 23) the speaker stands in the woods, considering a fork in the road. Both ways are equally worn, and equally overlaid with un-trodden leaves. The speaker chooses one, telling himself that he will take the other another day. Yet he knows it is unlikely that he will have the opportunity to do so. And he admits that somedayRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost2204 Words   |  9 Pagesrecognition and mention is â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost. In this poem, Frost examines the consequences that result from each choice we make in life. There is a sense of ambivalence that comes with making a decision, especially if both available options appear sound. Consequently, within his poem, Frost examines the relationship between progress and the sacrifice of possibilities. He also provides insight into an individual’s thoughts both prior to and following the decision making process. In thisRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken1257 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Analysis on â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Why is it so common for people to regret the path they have chosen in life? Robert Frost attempts to answer this question throughout the poem by using many literary devices. In other terms, the poet is alluding to a lesson in everyones life; Once a path is being determined, it is inevitable to change the choices because they are in the past. The poet uses imagery to create a visual picture in the readers head of two paths in the woods with the freedomRead MoreEssay on The Dualism of Joe Christmas1715 Words   |  7 Pages Joe Christmas’ trajectory and immoral decisions become the Siren’s song that tip him over the stern of the boat that is his life. Christmas’ path takes turns and twists that create a taciturn man who has been brought into the world unwanted; then, he ruthlessly moves forward looking back at his past in order to make decisions for his future. Light In August parallels Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, when Joe finds that he has reached a fork in the road and has to plan for kind of life he wantsRead MoreSummary Of Robert Frosts Fire And Ice And The Road Not Taken1022 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges reflects their character. Furthermore, when encountered by these hardships you can decide to handle them in a positive or a negative manner. Robert Frost did a phenomenal job on depicting how taking a positive stance while making these decisions can greatly influence life for the better in his works â€Å"Fire and Ice† and â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. Frost wrote â€Å"Fire and Ice† to explain human interaction and the affects it has on society by introducing the idea that every person has the option

Developmental Psychology And Personality Psychology

Development Psychology There are many specialty areas that are available to individuals seeking a career in the diverse field of psychology. Most Psychologists choose to specialize in sub-fields that focus on specific subjects. Obtaining a profession in many of the specialty areas would require graduate study in that area of interest. Some professionals have a broad knowledge, are skilled in several areas, and work with a range of clients. Some are specialist in treating a specific type of psychological disorder. For those interested in specializing in a psychology career, developmental psychology and personality psychology are among the many careers available. Developmental Psychology is the study of how people change throughout their lifespan. Studies include psychological affects, physical and social growth, intellectual, emotional and perceptual changes that occur. Developmental Psychology focus on a wide range of behavior changes beginning with prenatal development. Developmental Psychology also focus es on developmental disabilities and the effects it might have on people’s behavior. As with many fields related to psychology, a developmental psychologist must obtain a doctorate for most positions; yet, some positions at the university level requires a PhD. The work setting varies for developmental psychologist. Some might work in the field of higher education, research and in teaching positions. There are many that are employed by the government to evaluate andShow MoreRelatedModule Report : Developmental And Personality Psychology Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesModule Report: Developmental and Personality Psychology Biological psychology is based in genetics and physiology, and makes connections between one’s behavior and their biological factors. It is a broad course of study encompassing neuroscience and how different neurological systems are influenced by outside sources such as medication or other stimuli, and how they blend to create behaviors. Likewise, how certain activities and other behaviors can affect one’s biology, or physiology and brainRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Psychology And Psychology1105 Words   |  5 Pages Development Psychology Psychology is diverse, and there are many diverse specialty areas available to individuals seeking a career in the field of psychology. Most Psychologists choose to specialize in subfields that focus on specific subjects. Obtaining a profession in any of the specialty areas would require graduate study in that area of interest. Some professionals have a broad general knowledge, are skilled in several areas, and work with a range of clients. 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From the beginning of birth toRead MoreWhat Can Psychology Teach Us About Human Development?1558 Words   |  7 PagesPSYCHOLOGY ESSAY WHAT CAN PSYCHOLOGY TEACH US ABOUT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? WORDCOUNT 1532 INTRODUCTION Psychology evolved out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions on the two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers such as Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology is derived from the Greek word ‘psyche’ meaning ‘soul’ or ‘mind’. Psychology is both an applied and academic field, that is the scientific study Of behaviour and experience. Research into psychology helps us toRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1644 Words   |  7 Pages Developmental Psychology 2 Abstract Developmental Psychology is a scientific study that shows psychological changes in human being to birth to adulthood. It was first made to help infants and children, but now it has expanded to help the adolescence and adults just as well. Paul B. 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Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay Example For Students

Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema In Horace Miner’s article, â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema†, he talks about a tribe and describes their odd behavior. He tells about how the tribe performs these strange daily rituals and how their peculiarity is extreme, but in fact he is actually speaking of Americans as a whole (Miner). Miner uses this style of writing to more effectively prove his point: that Americans are ethnocentric. Miner does an exceptional job in disguising the Nacirema as Americans. Some of the things he disguises are the bathroom, which he says is a cleansing shrine. He disguises the medicine chest as the main device in the shrine, a bundle of hog hairs on a stick as a toothbrush, and magical potions as medicine (Miner). In this article, Miner gives a few hints that the Nairema are indeed Americans. The fact that Nacirema spelled backwards is American is a huge hint by itself. Another clue is the â€Å"holy-mouth-men.† If you sit down and think about it for a second it is obvious to realize that they are indeed dentists. Also the me.

The Unethical Behavior of Enron free essay sample

The Unethical Behavior of Enron Enron, once the countries seventh-largest company according to the Fortune 500, is a good example of how greed and the desire for success can transform into unethical behavior. Good ethics in business would be to compete fairly and honestly, to communicate truthfully and to not cause harm to others. These are things that Enron did not seem to display, which led to Enron’s operations file for bankruptcy in 2001. Enron’s scandal has become one of the most talked about forms of unethical business behaviors. The company’s collapse resulted from the disclosure that it had reported false profits, used accounting methods that failed to follow generally accepted procedures. Both internal and external controls failed to detect the financial losses disguised as profits for a number of years. Enron’s managers and executives retired or sold their company stock before its price went down. Enron employees lost their jobs and most of their retirement savings invested in Enron stock. We will write a custom essay sample on The Unethical Behavior of Enron or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Enron’s dishonesty and misleading business ethics unfolded when a Fortune article made people wonder whether Enron’s stock was overpriced. Enron’s executives were later charged with fraud, money laundering and conspiracy. Other companies, such as Arthur Anderson, Citigroup, and Merrill Lynch, also played roles in Enron’s scandal. To make a long story short, even though a business main goal is to make money, it pays to practice good ethics. Making money is not wrong in itself. It is the manner in which some businesses conduct themselves that brings up the question of ethical behavior.

Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay

Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay Janel Paffie TB143 Unit 2 1. Computer Analysis Hard Drive Capacity RAM Processor Speed Special Features Price HP Pavilion Desktop AMD A8 Series 2000GB 8GB 2.0Ghz Built-in Wireless network $499.99 Dell Inspiron Desktop-Intel Core i3 1000GB 8GB 3.6Ghz Built-in Wireless network; Bluetooth; HDMI output $479.99 HP-15.6† Touch-Screen Laptop Intel Core i3 750GB 6GB 1.9Ghz Touchscreen; HDMI output $399.99 Toshiba-Satellite 15.6† Laptop Intel Celeron 500GB 4GB 2.58Ghz Bluetooth; HDMI output $229.99 2. Profession and Computers Movie Maker: This profession requires a computer capable of handling a memory-busting workload. Fast, sufficient memory, and the latest graphics and audio cards are necessary to support the real-time media work. In order to run software needed at a reasonable level, make sure to have a large enough hard drive (over 160GB), plenty of RAM (more than 4GB), and a quality sound card. Professional Gamer: Desktops are the best bet for gaming. Fast processors and video cards consume tons of power and produce tons of heat, which is handled better by a desktop. A quad-core processor is recommended due to the rise of modern games making use of additional cores. For smooth graphics and a more immersive experience you will want a fast video card. The processor and video card are of equal importance. Majority of games will run on 4GB of RAM, but 8GB is recommended. To help with load times, a solid-state drive with over 200GB of storage is advised. Digital

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buy custom Cyber Security, Cyber Space and Networking essay 1. Internet Activists 1.1. Nature of Activism The contemporary computer-based communication systems are utilized during the composition, storage, delivery, and processing of communication. The communication involves the transfer of electronic mails, organization of computerized conferencing, and constitution of bulletin-board systems. Computer-based communication systems are designed to facilitate adequacy in data volume and speed of transfer during communication practices. This procedure is, at times, referred to as office automation. In some instances, office automation ends up creating problems in communication between the organization and its stakeholders. The main forms of challenges are those that result from activities of internet activists and hackers (Layton, 2007). Internet activism is a new form of challenge that is yet to be tackled in an effective manner. The issue of internet activism consists of both ethical and technological dimensions. Initially, this form of activism was understood as a form of freedom of expression. This is because it involved the use of electronic communication techniques such as podcasts and emails in to facilitate broadcasting of information. However, activism has assumed a new direction in the recent past. Most internet activists aim at paralyzing communication channels through information overload, a scenario that is also referred to as electronic junk. They achieve their goals by disseminating a significant number of useless and unwanted messages, a situation that impairs communication between interconnected networks. In effect, information systems become unresponsive to certain inputs. The accuracy of their response reduces in a significant degree. Other forms of impairment involve systematic ignorance of import ant input features, a scenario that makes response time permitted (Krutz Russell, 2003). In addition to incorrect responses, some systems end up quitting before the completion of the communication process. Admirers of WikiLeaks chose internet activism as a form of punishment to organizations and corporations that they deemed hostile to the activities of exposing secret diplomatic cables. Among the victims were justice systems and financial institutions that sought to impair the undertakings of WikiLeaks. This form of activism differs from hacking. Hacking aims at gaining access to a computer system without authorization. The accessing individuals aspire to gain total control of the communication system. They aim at having powers to edit, install, and delete files and systems that are held in users directories. Their main goal is not to slow communication but to hide their presence (Layton, 2007). 1.2.Current Monitoring Technologies Various groups of technologists are in the process of improving internet security. However, todays activists are arming themselves with adequate knowledge in order to facilitate their intrusion into communication systems. This scenario has facilitated improvement in monitoring technologies so as to delay or deter security lapses. Such improvements include frequent updating of the operating system. Every software product possesses loopholes. The fixation of these loopholes proceeds on a continuous basis, and as such, consumers are encouraged to update their operating systems as soon as they can. Updating is encouraged because some of the enhancement in software systems facilitates the monitoring activities. In effect, this results into a significant reduction in information reduction (Jeffrey, 1992). Usage of firewall is among the most effective method of blocking unwanted traffic to a communication system. As such, it is advisable to keep the firewall on under all circumstances as such a strategy would deter a substantial amount of intrusions. The use of firewall should be supplemented by installation of effective antivirus software. Current antivirus software incorporates intelligence features that facilitate the monitoring of threats towards a communication system. As such, the choice of effective antivirus software is of the great utility to an organization. Therefore, an organization should not compromise the installation of antivirus software for cost (Dhillon, 2007). In most cases, information overload results from excessive mailing. As such, effective network administration necessitates scanning of all incoming mails before clicking on the links which would eventually lead to the impairing of the system. The most effective method of averting information overload is disregarding strange and unknown mails. There are a number of web filter technologies that facilitate blocking of un-trusted sites. These tools have been effective in impairing the endeavors of activists who have formulated tricks that aim at luring users into unsafe sites. All in all, administrators of communication systems should utilize available resources so as to keep their systems up to standard in terms of safety and speed. Such a strategy would ensure that the system is not grounded in case of an attack by activists (Dhillon, 2007). 1.3.Counter Measures Various organizations have been addressing the issue of internet activism through a couple of strategies. Among the most important strategies include the re-training of information system administrators, securing of communication environment, and incorporation of technologies that facilitates an effective fight back. Among the most popular technologies include intrusion detection systems and firewalls. Reputable software corporations are creating patches for various forms of vulnerabilities so as to defend the communication networks of their client organizations. Moreover, they are embarking on the initiative of training those that deals with the administration of information and communication systems of enterprises (Charles, 1993). Every computer system that connects to the internet increases the chances of being compromised. As such, individuals are encouraged to form a habit of checking their firewalls logs on a regular basis. This will facilitate the detection of activities that are deemed dangerous to the communication system. Therefore, the log should be constituted in a way that is understandable to most stakeholders of the system. Effective implementation of intrusion detection devices and firewalls can deter attacks. In situations where an attacker succeeds in his/her mission, the system logs are during the evaluation of the manner in which the invasion was done as well as the identity of the invader (Dhillon, 2007). 1.4.Post-Incident Procedures In some instances, administrators are expected to apprehend intruders while conducting their illegal activities. However, most of them notice trouble after communication systems has been impaired. However, effective recovery strategies can facilitate the return of the communication system to its normal operating capacity. Therefore, the administration should endeavor in facilitating measures that lead to recovery after the loss and impairment. In the event of a successful attack, the network administration is encouraged to gather facts regarding the nature of the attack. Stakeholders are advised to avoid being emotionally charred as this would drive them into seeking revenge. Revenging is unethical, and besides, it puts the system into a greater risk. This is because of the encouragement it gives to the activists, especially when they realize that a human factor is competing with their activities. The best form of counter measure is to improve the systems security so as to deter future attacks (Antenucci, 1991). Instead of retaliating, the administration should opt for tracking down the attacker. IP addresses have been providing useful leads in the tracking endeavors. The administration is advised against deleting new files from the system. Such a move may prove to be counterproductive as the activist may delete valuable logs from the computer system before the administrator acquires enough evidence against him/her. Once the identity of the activist has been identified, the administrator is then required to consolidate the information so as to facilitate prosecution (Charles, 1993). 2.Implementation of an online patient care system 2.1.Potential Security Threats Introduction of an online patient care system presents a number of risks to the patients medical data. The three top security threats include attack by malware, automated log-offs, and availability of removable media. Malwares is viruses, worms, Trojan horses and spyware that pose security threats to a computerized system. Pressure groups, interest groups, lobby groups, as well as other interested individuals may attach importance to the medical information of military personnel. Antagonists may view such information as a vital tool for disseminating propaganda. As such, a military health care system would attract undue attention from a section of the society. For various reasons, there are those that would opt to infect the system with viruses in an attempt to impair the operations of the computerized medical system. Others may opt to utilize the loopholes in the in the systems security strategy. Accessibility of the system by unauthorized individuals presents a serious security threat. Unauthorized individuals may gain access whenever the staff leaves their work stations without logging off. They may then peruse medical information of individuals without the permission of the relevant authorities. In most instances, it may be difficult to hold these individuals accountable as they do not operate under the normal rules and regulations of the organization (Charles, 1993). Proliferation of removable devices such as USB gadgets presents opportunities for downloading and storing data in tiny devices. Their portability presents a new category of risk as medical information can be illegally acquired by a click of a mouse. This poses a great risk to patients personal information as well as the medical facilitys trade secrets. In some instances, information systems pose the challenge of denial of service. This interrupts the normal functioning of a health facility, a scenario that endangers the lives of patients. Denial of service may emanate from malicious actions of sending floods of unnecessary requests to the organizations servers. These actions overwhelm the server, a scenario that denies legitimate users a chance to access their medical information. This may lead to wrong diagnoses and treatments, situations which would end up complication the conditions of the sick persons. Moreover, denial of service may result into a significant downtime, and this would result into financial losses for the organization. If the situation is not arrested, the losses may lead to ultimate collapse, and this would result to a loss of credible records, most of which would never be recovered (Antenucci, 1991). 2.2.Potential Vulnerabilities In an information system, vulnerability is the weakness that allows a hacker or an activist to reduce the information assurance of a computerized system. For an online patient care system, vulnerability would result from an intersection between three elements: flaw or susceptibility, accessibility to te flaw, and the capacity to exploit the flaw. The activist or hacker may connect to the system through the application of a technique or tool that has the capability of exploiting the weakness. Vulnerability is also referred to as attack surface (Charles, 1993). Although the definition of vulnerability may incorporate security risks, using the same terms interchangeably may lead to confusion. This is due to the fact that there can be no risk without the potential of a loss. As such, there can be vulnerability without an associated risk. An example of this is when the value of the affected asset cannot be determined. There are various classifications of vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities are classified according to impact the impact they have on the system. These assets include the hardware, software, network, personnel, organization, and site. Vulnerabilities under the hardware category include susceptibility to duct, humidity, unprotected storage, and soiling. An online patient care system would hold crucial information pertaining peoples health. As such, if the hardware component of the system gets disfigured, operation of the whole system would be impaired, a scenario which would pose risks to the lives of military personnel. Under the software category, vulnerabilities include insufficient testing and inadequate audit trail. Software vulnerabilities pose the greatest risks to the medical system. this is because holding of information is facilitated by the software. In that case, software failure would effectively lead to loss of information. Vulnerabilities that are classified under the network category include unprotected communication channels and unsafe network architecture. A significant amount of information is accessed during transit. Indeed, such an attack would be difficult to detect as it does not happen in the server computer where the administrator can monitor activities with ease. Site vulnerabilities include environmental calamities like a flood and unreliable power supply. Finally, organizational vulnerabilities that would expose this medical system to risks include inadequate audits and security as well as lack of continuity in planning. 2.3.Security Approaches to Protection An online patient care system would require the utilization of accessible and dependable channels that can be easily protected from misuse. However, the need for accessibility has been blamed for some of the most detrimental vulnerabilities discussed in the previous section. The situation can be easily exacerbated by the organizations failure to address obvious risks. Nevertheless, there are a number of health institutions that recognize that their operations are mission critical and, therefore, necessitate the incorporation of strategic security measures. The proposed organization would ensure data security through incorporation of control frameworks so as to facilitate the conceptualization of the facilitys risk management plan. This would enable the adoption of a robust risk assessment procedure that facilitates compliance with the firms objectives. The adoption of Operational Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation, OCTAVE approach would lead to effective understanding, addressing, and assessment of the risks that are associated with the implementation of a communication system. This is because the adoption of OCTAVE methodology would facilitate the identification, prioritization, and management of security risks (Charles, 1993). Effective security approaches are those that enable the organization to develop various criteria for risk assessment with a view of determining and evaluating potential consequences that the risks pose to the facility. As such, identification of vulnerabilities should be followed by an initiation of corrective actions so as to mitigate the risks in a manner that creates a practice-based protective strategy. These are the views that lead to the formulation of the OCTAVE methodology, a tool that would be effective in diffusing the challenges that the online patient care system would face. 2.4.Security Issues Related to Outsourcing During the evaluation of outsourcing choices, the enterprise needs to consider the advantages and disadvantages of the option. This section evaluates the disadvantages associated with outsourcing as well as the impacts of such a strategy. Disadvantages include the loss of control and confidentiality, hidden costs, quality problems, and bad publicity. Signing a contract with another firm turns the control and management over to another institution. This would increase the chances of data loss and accessibility to unauthorized persons. Extra challenges will result as the two companies may not be observing the same standards. As the contracted company would wish to maximize profits, it may end up providing substandard services in an endeavor to cut the costs of operation. Outsourcing would also introduce the challenge of hidden costs. As such, the medical facility would find it difficult to budget its operations. The challenges result from the fact that not all aspects of security are covered in contracts. Therefore, anything that is not covered under the terms of the contract attracts hidden costs, a situation that is considered disadvantageous during the negotiation process (Jeffrey, 1992). Outsourcing introduces threats to confidentiality and security. This puts the survival of the organization at risk. The risk is attributable to the loss of confidentiality with regard to medical and payroll records. Various research studies have indicated that it is difficult to ensure that data is effectively protected. Effectiveness would only be possible if the contract provides for penalization of a party that fails to meet its obligations. Finally, outsourcing will tie the success of the system to the capability and financial standing of outsiders. This may compromise the quality of the services being offered. 3. Implementation of a Hybrid Cloud Solution 3.1.Challenges to the proposed solution While implementing the hybrid cloud solution, the management will be tasked with addressing three main issues: Time, Usability, and Accuracy. The three are the drives that inspire the development of an automated system that would process and store personnel records. To achieve the effectiveness of the cloud solution, the management will have to address the issue of accuracy during data processing. As such, the initial challenge that the company faces involves the verification of data being processed. Verification is important as it ensures that the information that the system ends up storing information that can be relied upon during critical decision making. The hybrid cloud solution is aimed at facilitating access to information that would enhance the credibility of a businesss transactions. The goal of the company is to have the right personnel in its ranks so as to enhance the organizational performance. As such, the management will be faced with the difficulty of ensuring that the procedure used in data processing delivers results that are reliable, understandable, and implementable. This is due to the danger of losing credibility, a scenario that would result if the system provides invalid reports (Allen, 2001). The goal of the hybrid solution is to alleviate the disputes that arise during decision making processes. As such, the hybrid solution must be a system that facilitates access to information. This would, therefore, necessitate the development of a system that is easy to operate so that the executives and the end users can cooperate in formulating strategic goals and objectives for the organization. There will, therefore, be a challenge of ensuring accessibility of the information being stored in the hardware. Moreover, the information being generated must be presented in reports that are geared toward the formulation of precise decisions. This will be challenging as there are varieties of report formats, and it is difficult to have everyone agree on any one of them. Furthermore, there may be need to train the stakeholders on the application of reports during decision making processes (Layton, 2007). This requirement would lead to increased cost of operation, a situation which would s train the company resources leaving several vote heads inadequately funded. There would also be the challenge of ensuring timely delivery of information. Most stakeholders anticipate solutions which the system may not handle. This is because, unlike the human beings, the hybrid solution cannot perform tasks that the developers did not provide for. As such, it may, at times, be a waste of time and company resources to search for solutions that the system cannot provide. The time wasted may result into lost opportunities for the company, and this would lead to loss of revenue (Allen, 2001). On the aspect of security, the automated system exposes the personnel records to a number of risks. Most of the risks are associated with unauthorized access to personnel data. Such fears may prompt the personnel to withhold vital information, a situation that may reduce the credibility of the data on records. Additionally, hackers, competitors, and activists may gain access to important data and trade secrets. Such a loss of confidentiality would expose the company to malicious onslaughts, a scenario which would lead to the collapse of the enterprise. 3.2.The Information System Manager The protection of data will be the responsibility of the manager in charge of information systems. The executive board will delegate the roles of planning, directing, and coordinating activities associated with the electronic information processing and data recovery so as to ensure safety of personnel records. To ensure that the development team addresses the issues of security, the manager will review the activities being undertaken by the developers and system analysts, and in consultation with other stakeholders, assess the security needs and requirements of the system. He will direct the development of security enhancement technologies so as to ensure control and data recovery after a disaster (Layton, 2007). The information system manager will be required to manage backups and approve programs and system charts prior to their implementation. As such, he will be the one responsible with the evaluation of the technology being used as well as the project requirements and feasibility. As the leader tasked with daily procedures of the system, he will be required to analyze workflows, establish priorities, set deadlines, and develop standards that aim at enhancing the systems information security. 3.3.Issues of Concern Service providers and software vendors will be expected to address a couple of issues during the implementation of the hybrid solution. These issues include that manner in which data is gathered and planned as well as how the resources are coordinated during decision making processes. Since reliance on shared data and technology present the organization with ethical and security consequences, I would wish to query the providers and vendors on the basics of information systems. I would ask the vendors to explain how the information systems will be used in the planninng, coordination, and control of business decisions. I would also seek an explanation regarding the software and hardware tools that will be involved in the implementation of the system. Due to the importance that is attached to information system security, I would require an explanation on how the experts will secure the information and technology that are associated with the information system. Additionally, I would query the manner in which internet communication would be secured from activists and hackers. It would also be necessary for vendors to address the issue of ethical dilemmas that are associated with the incorporation of the system. In particular, I would seek more information regarding the success in the proper use of information and equipments during the dissemination of the data that has been collected form stakeholders. 3.4. Security Provisions The managers of information systems are required to address various issues that emanate from the development of new technologies such as virtual worlds and other internet applications. This results into an ever-changing scenario, a situation that initiates constant changes. The changes are, at times, unforeseen, and as such, their rise presents stress levels that are difficult to tackle. Therefore, there are a number of provisions that facilitate secure computing while implementing a software system. Data security presents the biggest challenge to cloud computing. This is because cloud computing is a strategy that leads to loss of control, virtualized environments, multi-tenancy, and difficulties in auditing. These issues present security challenges to the organization (McNab, 2004). The above issues require management to institute security provisions while incorporating cloud computing. Among the provisions include the demand that the cloud provider use secure methods during storage, transfer, and access of data files. As such, the institution should abide by the provision that described security protocols that relate to such processes. As a protocol, the stakeholders should be reasonable in their demands so that the implementation of the system serves as an effective method of reducing data loss. There should be a necessity to employ various security measures so as to facilitate vulnerability management. The organization should ensure that encryption and firewalls are utilized in order to enhance security of information (Allen, 2001). Another provision addresses the issue of notification with regard to a security breach. This means that cloud computing should comply with the laws that are associated with bleach of notification. In regard to this, the organization may consider imposing penalties in situations where data security is compromised. When these issues are effectively addressed, the security of the system as well as the data is enhanced. 4.Implementation of a Mobile Application 4.1. Cyber Security Concerns associated with Mobile Devices Mobile devices refer to a class of devices built at their core around ease of connectivity and accessibility of online services. They offer many merits in increased productivity of client, corporate and personal data. Not only are they used in communication, they are also used in carrying personal and sensitive data. In the past few years, mobile devices have rapidly increased in both functionality, and power and their popularity risen exponentially. The platform for these devices becomes similar to portable computers and desktops but their unique qualities demands unique security risks. The easily downloaded and installed applications open the platforms up to malware. Invariant changes in software and hardware configuration render challenge with data security in the mobile devices as compared to desktops and portable Computers. Hackers were once inspired by personal ill fame and curiosity, but mobile devices have shifted these to financial gain. Smart phones support multiple bands to enable ease of roaming on a wide range of network. This may allow a hacker to force the device to register with an insecure protocol which it would normally allow the hacker to decrypt data. The mobile device then would forward all traffic through the protocol allowing complete interception of data streams. Hacker would then impersonate the sending host and gather sensitive information about the organization which the hacker would use to gain financially. Hackers use malware to steal business, personal data, or impersonate mobile device connectivity. They pirate application, add malicious code, and trick mobile users to download them. Once mobile users install these pirated applications on their phones, hackers steal their personal and business data. This malware might also sign them up without their knowledge for text message subscription services which would charge them, and the money deposited in the hackers accounts. 4.2.Baking the software development process for mobile applications During the development of mobile applications, developers can develop applications that scan other application when people try to download them to their smart phones. These scanning applications prevent installation of malware, and they alert mobile user when they visit or click unsecure link. Developers can also use sandboxing to secure the mobile applications. Sandboxing refers to a security technique for creating restrained execution surrounding used for running unknown programs. The technique reduces the level of un-trusted program posses of accessing the application (McNab, 2004). It provides a tightly assured set of resources for un-trusted programs to run in such as space on memory and disk. It also protects programs from interfering, and as a result, increases the stability of developers applications. The developer should provide a safe environment where the mobile application executes and prevent interference from un-trusted programs. 4.3.Cyber Security Countermeasures To countermeasures cyber security, the organization should take the following measures; 4.3.1.Regular Scanning of Applications The organization should scan applications in smart phones for malicious malware. This scanning would remove malware from peoples phone and market. Scanning also would prevents smart phones applications accessing other applications, and inform mobile users if a malicious application gains access to their contact list or location. 4.3.2.Secure the Application, Device, Database, and Network Wireless networks are always open and this can be used to mount an attack. The organization should take a hard look at its wireless network and access policies. The organization should request its internet provider regularly analyzing its network traffic to identify malware and problems that can limit traffic flow. The organization should use remote wiping and encryption technologies to guard users login details on the device. They should also lay policies that explicate what platform and devices should be supported and what protection witting conduct appears like. The organization should guard the mobile application and ensure it does not expose sensitive product data to other applications. They should also educate the application end user the risks prone to them (Layton, 2007). 4.3.3.Enforce Strong Process and Policies to Protect Data The organization should put in place strong processes and policies to improve the security of the mobile application. The organization should train smart phone users use of security tools and give them guidelines on how to choose a strong password, and how to avoid losing their devices (Peltier, 2001). 4.3.4.Offers Incentives to Promote Security The organization should consider offering incentives to promote secure conduct instead of punishments. The organization should also be in a position to distinguish malicious intent from accidents to prevent employees victimization. Workplace environment should be such that employees should feel comfortable knowing they can report a security breach with exemption. 4.3.5.Identify the Enemy The organization should focus resources on areas where attack has the potential to result to significant damage. Technologies should be looked at from all possible ways someone could steal organization data or interrupt the network. The organization must take a holistic approach when covering its mobile applications (Peltier, 2001). It should implement multiple security layers to provide redundancies if any security layer gets compromised. 4.4.The key practices that ensure the security of mobile devices To ensure mobile device security, smart phone users should do the following; 4.4.1.Configure Smart Phones Securely Smart phone users should enable auto lock to avoid accidental phone operations. They should enable password protection and use strong passwords which are hard to crack. They should also avoid using features that remember passwords or username to prevent un-authorized access to their phones. Smart phone users should ensure appropriate configuration of browser settings to prevent exposing their sensitive login credentials to malware (White, 2003). 4.4.2.Turn On Encryption Smart phone users should always use the strong security controls on their Phones. This will enable them to be careful and help them to have a high level of psychological disorder about what happens to their sensitive information. Users should consider using thin client models to ensure secure maintenance of their data. This helps avoid the issue of storing confidential users data on his/ her mobile devices. This also helps in avoiding developing new mobile solutions, once there is a release of new technology in the market (Peltier, 2002). 4.4.3 Request Authentication to login on their Smart Phones Smart phones are too easy to lose without proper authentication. Users should turn on smart phone authentications, so that lost smart phones should not be easily accessed by the person who steals or find them. 4.4.4 Utilize Remote Wipe Capabilities Smart phone users should remotely access and disable their smart phones in the event of theft or loss. They should ask their IT firms to give them these privileges so that they can ensure data protection (White, 2003). With the remote accessing capability, the device users would only take quick call to IT firm which will take care of the stolen smart phones. 4.4.5 Smart Phone users should consider control of Third Party Applications Hackers pirate and add malicious code to most of third party applications. These malware steals sensitive information about users and Smart phone users limits the installation of un-trusted application to prevent hackers from commanding control of their devices (Peltier, 2002). Buy custom Cyber Security, Cyber Space and Networking essay

Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law - Assignment Example Winston cannot be defined as a consumer and therefore cannot rely on the rights awarded under the Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations. An express term of a contract is that which is expressly agreed by the parties, either orally or in writing. As a general rule, the courts hold the written document as a complete agreement so that the terms inscribed within form the total extent of the contract and no further terms may be added or varied later by external evidence (Jacobs v. Batavia & General Plantations Trust Ltd. [1924] 1 Ch 287). However, since this instance is concerned with misrepresentation and terms which are implied into the contract (Hutton v. Warrren [1836] 1 M & W 466), the courts are seen to cater to parole evidence wherever necessary and the rule is likely to be excluded. In this instance, the express agreement necessarily includes the requirements mentioned in the standard form contract stipulating inter alia the description of the vehicle: â€Å"White Tra nsit XL, 48072 miles† as well as the exclusion clause mentioned. Moreover, it would also include the express oral representations that pertain to the description of the vehicle, â€Å"†¦ just the vehicle for you†¦ 48,000 miles on the clock, barely run in for a van like this †¦ and all the storage space you’re likely to need †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . ... v. SS Turid (Owners) [1992] 1 AC 397), or it may be implied by common law, where the term must not just be reasonable but also equitably just and â€Å"necessary to give business efficacy† to the contract (Lord Simon in BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v. Shire of Hastings (1978) ALJR 20, 26). The terms implied by Statute of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 are more applicable to Winston’s situation. Application of Sale of Goods Act 1979 Sale by Description Where the goods are described before they are sold, there is an implied condition that they correspond to that description (s. 13). It is arguable what the description of the van actually completely comprises, as Daly never expressly agreed that the maximum load of the van in question is 1 ton, even though it was later discovered by the registration documents to be 0.5 tons. It is accepted that a â€Å"White Ford Transit XL† with 48000 miles falls part of the description, but the maximum load and capacity was never stipulated, even though Winston mentioned the specifications of the earlier van with which the new one had to be replaced; the earlier van fitted the requirements at 200 feet capacity and 1 ton load, the new van had 150 feet capacity with 0.5 tons maximum load, which fell short of requirements. Thus, if this falls part of the description, Winston may be allowed to reject the van on the basis of a breach of s.13. This is further supported by the fact that Daly had special knowledge in dealing with vans, and reliance was placed by Winston on his word (Harlingdon and Leinster v Christopher Hull Fine Art Ltd (1990)). For the purposes of a breach of description, it is irrelevant that Winston examined the van before purchasing (s. 13(13)). The description

Local Law Enforcement Involvement in Joint Terrorism Task Forces Research Paper

Local Law Enforcement Involvement in Joint Terrorism Task Forces - Research Paper Example The police thus have adequate resources to monitor the activities of the illegal groupings in the country including such groups as the terrorists (Dyson, 2012). This implies that the law police service is an important stakeholder in the creation of a task force to investigate terrorism activities in a country. Terrorists are widely connected individual with equally large pool of resources with which they harm unsuspecting citizens. Such networks are effectively coordinated; they continue to recruit their members from the society thereby building their network to facilitate their illegal activities in the country. The nature of their operations makes them the most lethal group since they target governments. Terrorists inflict fear on the citizens by executing mass murders and destruction of property as a way of proving to the citizens that their governments are ineffective in creating a safe and secure society. They kill, maim and destroy indiscriminately and often use the locals to c arry out such grotesque activities. The infiltration of a terrorist group in a society has several economic, social and legal implications on the society since it is an indication of an expanding discord between the society and its norms. Task forces on the other hand are special groups created by laws of the country to investigate the prevailing feature of insecurity and the rising cases of terrorism in the society. The task forces thus consist of different stakeholders to the security of the country. The task force on security will therefore include the local community, lawmakers and the local law enforcement possibly the police force. Each of the parties in the task force has a relation to the issue; they all feel the negative effects of terrorism thus conjoin in the process of determining effective means of eradicating the menace in the society in order to make their society and safe and secure place to enable growth. The police are integral in the task force, they have adequate information on the terrorism and will therefore inform the task force on the nature and the efforts they make in containing the situation. Additionally, the police service is the sole force mandated with the investigation and apprehension of criminals. Terrorists are among the primary criminals that the police handle, their contribution is therefore integral. The police will implement the policies that the task force will create, the presence of the police in the task force is thus important since their will take part in the formulation of the policies. This way, the formulate policies that they can easily implement thus upholding the security situation. For the law enforcers to understand their role in the task force, they must understand the operations of terrorisms. Terrorists are complex and have many resources, which they invest in recruiting personnel, purchasing weapons, managing information and transporting the weapons to the respective countries. The essay below discusses these and the effects of terrorist activities in the local community. Terrorists operate confidentially to their partners through effective and secretive mechanisms. To ensure this, most of such groupings use religion as a means of coercing followership. When recruiting members into the outfits, they target vulnerable members of the society whose faith is largely questionable. People with no or minimal faith are more susceptible to such social groupings as

Education Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Education Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria Essay Education is a process in which knowledge and social capabilities demanded, are acquired. It is to a nation, what the mind is to the body, just as a deceased mind is handicapped in the co-ordination and direction of the bodily activities setbacks in the education system would act as a hindrance to economic development. Thus, the single most significant complex of social-control tools for national development is found in the educational system; be it formal or informal. (Uwadia , 2010). It is also accepted that the development of any nation depends largely on the development of the human population in that nation which can majorly be improved through education. Smith (1937) stressed the significance of education in human capital formation. Therefore it follows that a reduction in the investment in education would affect the stock of the overall human capital base and productivity. Thus investment on education is considered to be a critical element to alleviate poverty, reduce unemployment and increase economic growth (Chukwu, 2011). It is with this knowledge that The UNESCO recommended that 26% of the annual budget be allocated to the Education sector and the agreement between the Federal Government and Staff unions on October 22, 2009 was also aimed at the improvement of the education sector. However in our study we would realize that a country like Nigeria has been operating below the percentage recommended by UNESCO as our expenditure on education usually lies around 5.3%. According to the Federal Ministry of Education (2003), the educational system in Nigeria faced ill periods between 1979-1995 due to resurgence of instability and financial inadequacies in the management, and was affected by the general economic downturn of the 1980s. In response to this, the Federal Government subsequently increased the budget allocation to education in the following years. These increments can be observed from 1995-2004 whereby education expenditure increased from N12,816,400,000 in 1995 to N93,767,886,839 in 2004. A total increase in expenditure by 631.63%. Such a huge increase in education expenditure should initiate a relatively large increase in the Nigerian education system. It is however apparent that the growth of the Nigerian economy has led to an increase in the National budget allocation to education over the years but how this in turn has played a role in the development of the Education sector, remains a puzzle unsolved. All these provoked the conduct of this study. In this vain, it is expected that in a developing country like Nigeria that seeks to achieve economic development, the increasing amounts pumped into the education sector will be utilized effectively and in turn will result to the development of Education in Nigeria. However, this is not the case. A cursory glance at the quality of our education reveals that Nigeria is a long way from reaching neither the promised land of Education for all by 2015 nor its wide dream of being one of the 20 best world economies by 2020. With more money driven into the sector and nothing to show for it, one can then infer that the cause of our torpid education system is not financial inadequacy. On the other hand, it may be a contributing factor. Hence the need for our study arises. In the light of this, this study is carried out with the aim of highlighting the relationship between education expenditure and the development of the education sector. Also, we shall show how the education standard is deteriorating despite the increment in budgetary allocations from 1995 to 2004. Explicitly, the objectives are as follows; a.To determine and assess the pattern of Government expenditure on education. b.To ascertain the performance of the education sector in comparison to Government expenditure in the sector. This study is carried out on the Nigerian education sector with emphasis on Nigeria’s budget allocation to Education and so all resources and observations to be made are restricted to Nigeria. Data and information to be used in this research are secondary data obtained. These data are to be gathered between May 30th and June 17th, 2011. This research on the Nigerian Education sector shall be based on data from 1995 to 2004 (ten years). It was in this period that a steady increase in the budget allocation to the education sector was observed. Data required to carry out this research shall be extracted from; †¢The National Bureau of Statistics publications: Federal budgetary allocations. †¢Ministry of Education, Awka Zonal Office †¢The Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB) Zonal Office †¢The National Examination Council (NECO) – zonal office †¢The West Examination Council (WAEC). †¢The Central Bank of Nigeria –Annual publications on the National budget. In this research paper, the ordinary least squared method will be employed using annual time series data (1995-2004), in order to assess the impact of education expenditure on the development of the sector. This work will be done in the form of a research paper because it is an expanded essay that presents out own interpretation, evaluation and argument. We have succeeded in building upon what we know about the statement of the problem at hand.

Smoking Addiction Essay -- essays research papers fc

Smoking Addiction Smoking is an extremely addictive habit that usually forms in the early teen years. We should be targeting our children from the time they enter elementary school to prepare them for this temptation and encourage them to steer clear of this problem (Schoebel 287). There is no sure cure for smoking, and every method requires willingness, dedication, and will power. Smokers should recognize the serious health risks they are facing every time they light a cigarette and accept that quitting such an addictive habit would only come with some amount of discomfort. Is there anyone who does not know someone who smoke's? Everyone has a family member, friend, or coworker who smokes. They have chosen to smoke, but by just being around them you are also smoking, only you have not made that choice. Before you choose to take this risk you should think about what may happen to your body. There are many factors that you should take very seriously; smoking is a hazardous habit because it leads to addiction, disease, and high-risk pregnancy. As advertisements have shown on commercial on television that smoking is a way to relax and to be cool by smoking cigarettes, they never show you the negative side of it. For example, addiction is one of the bad side effects and it is caused by nicotine. Once you inhale the cigarette you will then feel or want the need for another one, and you may have different personalities and change because of the addiction. You may get more grouchy and violent behavior and need a cigarette to relax, but instead it is doing more damage. Researchers have found ways to control addictions and some have succeeded. People at a younger age start to get addicted by the nicotine in the cigarette and this is where the problem starts (Schoebel 125). The hazards of smoking lead to many fatal diseases and should persuade people to quit their habit. First, a major reason why people should quit smoking is that many people are dying of cancer. For instance, the statistics say that in the United States six out of ten people are dying daily due to lung cancer (Weitzman 214). This disease is killing people if it is not detected promptly. Another reason for quitting smoking is heart disease and its consequences. For example, many people suffer from heart failure, but even though they know about smoking and its dangers, they do not stop their habit un... ... alarming is that secondhand smoke contains greater concentrations of certain carcinogens than primary smoke. It also contains greater amounts of nicotine and tar, both strong and addictive toxins. There are positive and negative effects to smoking, but mostly negative. Personally, I don’t have an opinion about this topic. I really think that a person, no matter what they are told, are going to smoke. Nothing can change their minds, if they don’t want to change it. It’s a difficult topic, and in my opinion, it’s bad for you, but in some people’s minds, they just don’t care about what will harm their bodies. Smoking for people is a stress reliever and I think that it’s better than hurting yourself in a different way to relieve stress. Works Cited Dhillion, Sulchraj S. (1993). Cigarette Smoking: What its Doing to Smokers And Nonsmokers. PPI Publishing. Fred, Peter A. and Oxom, Harry. (1980) Smoking for Two: Cigarettes and Pregnancy. The Free Press. Schoebel, Robert. (2001). Keep your Kids Tobacco-Free: Smart Strategies for Parents of Children Ages 3 through 19. New Market Press. Weitzman, Elizabeth. (1998). Let's Talk About Smoking. Hazelden Information and Educational Services.

The Classroom Setting for the Visually Impaired

Providing a student-friendly classroom especially for those who are visually impaired is a great challenge for educational institutions, especially the teachers. It takes great effort for the teacher to establish a classroom setup that is suited for the needs, demands, and limitations of students with visual impairments. Consequently, it also takes much effort for visually impaired students to adapt themselves, especially in moving around the classroom.Therefore, several arrangements and adjustments must be developed in order to offer students who are visually impaired and their families an assurance of quality learning and student-friendly classrooms that would facilitate the needs and limitations of their students. Moving around the classroom is one of the major issues involved when talking about the classroom setup and the visually impaired students. Certain physical changes or alterations to the classroom setup may be the ultimate answer in addressing this problem.Students who ar e visually impaired may suffer different conditions such as partial or total impairment, nearsighted or farsighted, tunnel or peripheral vision, etc. (Fame, 2008) With these varied conditions and needs, and the classroom must be flexible enough to possess all that is necessary in accommodating students with varied visual impairments. From the beginning of classroom instruction, the classroom should already be set up for the students. From this day forward, the teacher should not make any changes to the set up of the classroom as changes or alterations may confuse the students, not to mention cause accidents. Center for Teaching and Learning, 2001)Students who are visually impaired also utilize different instructional aids and equipments that help them adapt or accommodate themselves into the structure of the classroom. This includes walking sticks or canes, brailles, even guide dogs, etc. (Fame, 2008) The classroom should provide a vast space for these instructional aids and equipme nts, especially for guide dogs. Moreover, the classroom should be arranged in such a way that most of the students may sit in front of the class near the teacher.This is helpful for them to hear what the teacher is saying, especially because visually impaired students are able to do their activities and follow instruction by listening to what the teacher is saying. Because of this, the classroom environment should be quiet enough to facilitate listening in the classroom. Doors should be closed in order to shut off unnecessary noise. Perhaps, the teacher may ask other students to refrain from making any unnecessary noise in order for the students to hear what the teacher is saying without any disruptions.Center for Teaching and Learning, 2001) Other strategies that would be helpful in facilitating movement for the visually impaired is to arrange the seats in such a way that it nearest the door. In addition, the tables or chairs in the classroom should accommodate all the instructiona l aids and equipments in order to prevent the student from standing up to get what he needs during classroom instruction. Other school facilities, such as the comfort room, the school cafeteria, etc. should be nearest to the classroom. In addition, the classroom itself should be located in the ground floor of the building.To facilitate the inclusion of the student with visual impairments in the class, the teacher should refrain from using visual aids in teaching. It is also a good idea if each lecture is taped and then provided for visually impaired students for them to be able to listen to lectures and discussions when needed. Being descriptive, rather than visual, during lecture or discussion would greatly help in making students understand what the lesson is all about. Moreover, classroom instruction should not involve any writing or other activities that are not suited for the visually impaired student.Finally, inclusion is easily accomplished by setting up ways for social inter actions within the classroom such as group discussions and group activities. Case Study: Is it Fair? 1. The major issue or problem in this case has something to do with language and culture. The Hernandez family badly wants their daughter, Rosa to undergo cochlear implants in order for her to hear again. However, doing so requires follow up after the implant, and that is attending oral classes in order to facilitate auditory and speech training. In this case, the school uses only English as the medium of instruction.Therefore, they required the family to speak English at home for Rosa to be able to continue auditory and speech training even in the house. The Hernandez family refused. 2. The Hernandez family’s devotion for their culture and language motivated them to refuse the offer. For Piedmont, they believed that follow up is necessary in order for children who underwent cochlear implants to maximize the auditory and speech skills after the operation. 3. I believe that it was unnecessary. There is such a term as bilingualism, and I think language is acquired through learning.Therefore, it is possible for Rosa to learn English even if they do not speak it at home. The school should have suggested that they learn English especially because they are moving in the state, and not requiring them to entirely speak in English by force. 4. It is fair; however, since they are the only oral school available for children who have undergone cochlear implants, they should be open for other cultures as well. They should have anticipated that since they are the only one within the state, there would be other children who speak other languages who would be referred to their school.Therefore, they should consider this situation in their instructional plan or program. 5. Yes, they should make an exception. It is because the family is willing to move to the state anyway and they will be forced to learn the language in order to adapt to the community. I think there is no need to force them, because naturally learning English would come naturally to them. 6. The advantages of oral and total communication are that it allows the child to be able to maximize his hearing and speech by learning.The child is not limited to one particular skill for communicating such as the sign language, lip reading, etc. but he is immersed to the use of his hearing and communicating by speaking. The disadvantage of this program lies in its one-sidedness and dependence on only one option for auditory and oral training, and that is classroom instruction. Doctors insist that hearing and oral training may only be accomplished through classroom instruction, but is it not possible to instruct or inform the family in developing auditory and oral skills within the child. The Classroom Setting for the Visually Impaired Providing a student-friendly classroom especially for those who are visually impaired is a great challenge for educational institutions, especially the teachers. It takes great effort for the teacher to establish a classroom setup that is suited for the needs, demands, and limitations of students with visual impairments. Consequently, it also takes much effort for visually impaired students to adapt themselves, especially in moving around the classroom.Therefore, several arrangements and adjustments must be developed in order to offer students who are visually impaired and their families an assurance of quality learning and student-friendly classrooms that would facilitate the needs and limitations of their students. Moving around the classroom is one of the major issues involved when talking about the classroom setup and the visually impaired students. Certain physical changes or alterations to the classroom setup may be the ultimate answer in addressing this problem.Students who ar e visually impaired may suffer different conditions such as partial or total impairment, nearsighted or farsighted, tunnel or peripheral vision, etc. (Fame, 2008) With these varied conditions and needs, and the classroom must be flexible enough to possess all that is necessary in accommodating students with varied visual impairments. From the beginning of classroom instruction, the classroom should already be set up for the students. From this day forward, the teacher should not make any changes to the set up of the classroom as changes or alterations may confuse the students, not to mention cause accidents. Center for Teaching and Learning, 2001)Students who are visually impaired also utilize different instructional aids and equipments that help them adapt or accommodate themselves into the structure of the classroom. This includes walking sticks or canes, brailles, even guide dogs, etc. (Fame, 2008) The classroom should provide a vast space for these instructional aids and equipme nts, especially for guide dogs. Moreover, the classroom should be arranged in such a way that most of the students may sit in front of the class near the teacher.This is helpful for them to hear what the teacher is saying, especially because visually impaired students are able to do their activities and follow instruction by listening to what the teacher is saying. Because of this, the classroom environment should be quiet enough to facilitate listening in the classroom. Doors should be closed in order to shut off unnecessary noise. Perhaps, the teacher may ask other students to refrain from making any unnecessary noise in order for the students to hear what the teacher is saying without any disruptions.Center for Teaching and Learning, 2001) Other strategies that would be helpful in facilitating movement for the visually impaired is to arrange the seats in such a way that it nearest the door. In addition, the tables or chairs in the classroom should accommodate all the instructiona l aids and equipments in order to prevent the student from standing up to get what he needs during classroom instruction. Other school facilities, such as the comfort room, the school cafeteria, etc. should be nearest to the classroom. In addition, the classroom itself should be located in the ground floor of the building.To facilitate the inclusion of the student with visual impairments in the class, the teacher should refrain from using visual aids in teaching. It is also a good idea if each lecture is taped and then provided for visually impaired students for them to be able to listen to lectures and discussions when needed. Being descriptive, rather than visual, during lecture or discussion would greatly help in making students understand what the lesson is all about. Moreover, classroom instruction should not involve any writing or other activities that are not suited for the visually impaired student.Finally, inclusion is easily accomplished by setting up ways for social inter actions within the classroom such as group discussions and group activities. Case Study: Is it Fair? 1. The major issue or problem in this case has something to do with language and culture. The Hernandez family badly wants their daughter, Rosa to undergo cochlear implants in order for her to hear again. However, doing so requires follow up after the implant, and that is attending oral classes in order to facilitate auditory and speech training. In this case, the school uses only English as the medium of instruction.Therefore, they required the family to speak English at home for Rosa to be able to continue auditory and speech training even in the house. The Hernandez family refused. 2. The Hernandez family’s devotion for their culture and language motivated them to refuse the offer. For Piedmont, they believed that follow up is necessary in order for children who underwent cochlear implants to maximize the auditory and speech skills after the operation. 3. I believe that it was unnecessary. There is such a term as bilingualism, and I think language is acquired through learning.Therefore, it is possible for Rosa to learn English even if they do not speak it at home. The school should have suggested that they learn English especially because they are moving in the state, and not requiring them to entirely speak in English by force. 4. It is fair; however, since they are the only oral school available for children who have undergone cochlear implants, they should be open for other cultures as well. They should have anticipated that since they are the only one within the state, there would be other children who speak other languages who would be referred to their school.Therefore, they should consider this situation in their instructional plan or program. 5. Yes, they should make an exception. It is because the family is willing to move to the state anyway and they will be forced to learn the language in order to adapt to the community. I think there is no need to force them, because naturally learning English would come naturally to them. 6. The advantages of oral and total communication are that it allows the child to be able to maximize his hearing and speech by learning.The child is not limited to one particular skill for communicating such as the sign language, lip reading, etc. but he is immersed to the use of his hearing and communicating by speaking. The disadvantage of this program lies in its one-sidedness and dependence on only one option for auditory and oral training, and that is classroom instruction. Doctors insist that hearing and oral training may only be accomplished through classroom instruction, but is it not possible to instruct or inform the family in developing auditory and oral skills within the child.

Changes in Prisons in Twentieth Century in Britain Essay

In 20th century a lot of important changes was made in Britain prison system. A lot of crucial moves in this matter were made, which made changes to the system, and create the current system in prisons. A lot of reports and changes plans were made in this crucial for the matter period. The beginning for this period was made in 1895 with Gladstone report, which was highly critical of the current penal policy. It criticised existing regimes for ‘crushing self respect’ and ‘starving all moral instinct’. The report argued that reformation should coexist with deterrence and that rehabilitation should be given priority. Victorians focused upon repression and punishment. They used inflexible and punitive methods of control. Gladstone felt these should be replaced with more scientific methods of ‘treatment’. In addition, prison commissioners for the first time in 1898, defined the purpose of prison as the ‘humanisation of the individual’1. Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise insisted that ‘each man convicted of crime is to be regarded as an individual, as a separate entity of morality, who by the application of influences, of discipline, labour, education, moral and religious, backed up on discharge by a well organised system of patronage is capable of reinstatement in civic life’2. Weiner (1990) stated, â€Å"It is now recognised that primitive measures alone are not corrective, and effective reformation of criminals can only be attained by making our prisons true schools and moral hospitals†. Forsythe (1991) argues that new projects often fell short of the claims made for them. He says that in particular, the local and convict prisons ‘clung tenaciously to the concepts of measured punishment, moral culpability, limited deterrence and uniformly administered discipline’. It is a fact that the process of reform was often slow and not al all easy to perceive. From 1900 onwards a number of radical changes were made to the standard prison regime: 1) Unproductive labour was officially abandoned and replaced by prison industries and work considered ‘useful’, 2) The separate system was gradually eroded, allowing prisoners to work in association, 3) Education was increased and improved, 4) Internal discipline was maintained through a reward/punishment system related to the introduction of remission, 5) Specialists such as psychologists were appointed, 6) Prisoner categorisation was extended, 7) The Borstal system was introduced for juveniles, 8) A commitment to reformation became enshrined in the Prison Rule that stipulated that the purpose of imprisonment was to encourage prisoners to ‘lead a good and useful life’3, 9) During the 1930s the treadmill and arrows on convict uniforms were abolished. According to Garland (1985) the most radical reforms of this era took place outside of the prison system: 1) The introduction of the probation service, 2) Alternatives to custody emerged, 3) Construction of specialist institutions4. Garland views these major transformations as the beginnings of our current practice. Garland prefers to talk of developments in a whole realm of penality rather than prison reform5. Additionally, in 1908 Borstals6 were put on a statutory footing – implemented by Herbert Gladstone. The name Borstal comes from the village in Kent where the first Borstal scheme got its first full-scale trial. Borstals took English public schools as their model and their sentences were indeterminate. Criminals aged between 16 – 21 could be sent to Borstal for between one and three years. The prison Commission could release on licence at any time after six months (or three months for girls) and could also recall for misbehaviour. Borstal faltered after 1945 really because success rates were measured by reconviction rates. 1982 the administration of Margaret Thatcher formally abolished the Borstal and replaced it with the ‘Youth Custody Centre’ – with determinate sentences of imprisonment. Paterson7 replaced military type training with delegated authority and encouragement of personal responsibility. Staffs wore civilian clothing and were encouraged to get to know the ‘lads’ personally – considered revolutionary in the 1920s. The Borstal notion of training prisoners through personal relations, trust and responsibility gradually had an impact on the prison system as a whole. Two borstal elements were transplanted into the adult system with long lasting effects: 1. 1936 the first minimum-security (open) prison was established at New Hall, near Wakefield. 2. The housemaster was renamed ‘assistant governor’. The post war developments where about the Easier bail, Probation, Time to pay fines, a reduction in time to be served for a partial payment of fines, Reformatories for juveniles, Curtailment of imprisonment for debt and, More facilities for the insane and for habitual drunkards. In 1928 the then Home Secretary had described Dartmoor convict prison as ‘the cesspool of English humanity’ â€Å"I suppose there must be some residuum which no training or help will ever improve†8. Furthermore in 1948 Paterson and his colleagues framed Criminal justice Act. This was a highly influential piece of legislation. Borstal had represented the opposite view and resurrected the possibility of reformatory prison. Borstals and Detention Centres began to lose favour: neither for deterrence or reform was the short sentence acceptable. This is one of the elements in the English prison-crowding crisis – which became acute in the 1970s and 1980s and with which the country is still wrestling. Deterrence – Youth prisons known as Detention Centres were intended to subject boys (and half-heartedly, girls) who were thought to be on the verge of a custodial career to a last chance ‘short, sharp, shock’. Separate institutions for pre trial prisoners were planned but never created: these would be custodial but non-penal institutions. Due to the war, there were no funds and little sympathy for unconvinced detainees. McConville states that ‘thick skins and short purses ever since have ensured that English pre trial prisoners were treated worse than they were for virtually all of Victoria’s reign and much worse than their fellows who were convicted and sentenced’. The 1960s and early 1970s are seen as the beginning of the crisis years with British prisons. At last we can refer to System of Concentration. Mountbatten referred to the obvious advantages of an island prison holding all prisoners who posed a threat. A new prison was to be built on the Isle of Wight. This was rejected and the dispersal system became the preferred way of housing inmates. Since early 1966 new measurements of security have been implemented in selected prisons. Between 1969 and 1979 the prison service went through a number of riots. 70s and 80s dogged with accusations of brutality and violence directed at prisoners from the prison staff. Serious disturbances and riots had occurred in maximum-security prisons, which had led to reprisals against prisoners. British riots occurred within the new dispersal system: Parkhurst 1969, Albany 1971 & 1972, Gartree 1972, Hull 1976, and Gartree 1978. Hull riot will go down in history, as it was the prison staff who were ultimately tried and convicted. Special control units were introduced after the Gartree riot of 1972 for troublemakers over and above the existing segregation units. 1970s represent the years when reform and treatment had dwindled away and the whole prison system ran on the notion that ‘nothing works’. By 1978 both the courts and the prisons were in danger of serious collapse. Industrial relations were poor with prison staff. May Committee 1979 reported as a response to the previous troubled decade. They explored the issues of what the aim of imprisonment was; they agreed that the rhetoric of treatment and training had had its day. Finally, King and Morgan proposed the term ‘humane containment’: 1. Minimum use of custody 2. Minimum use of security 3. Normalisation. The current organisation of the prison system is heavily influenced by past practice. This has shaped the system that we now have today. So, it is difficult to assess progress of 20th Century. Harsh and punitive experience of prison overrides any idea of progressive treatment. Biggest rises can be seen from 1974 onwards. It is a fact that this matter is very important and serious for the society and has to be developed according to the needs of the society according to its progress at times. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Goffman, E. (1961) Asylums, Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. Harmondsworth 2. Jones, K. (1993) Asylums and After: A Revised History of the Mental Health Services from the Early Eighteenth Century to the 1990’s. 3. Morris, N and Rothman, D.J (eds). (1995) The Oxford History of the Prison. Oxford University Press. 4. Porter, R. (2002) Madness: A Brief History. Oxford University Press. 1 Weiner, 1990. 2 Ruggles-Brise quoted in Garland 1985. 3 Prison Rule 6 in 1949 but Prison Rule 1 since 1964. 4 such as Borstal where principles of rehabilitation were initiated. 5 â€Å"the prison was decentred, shifted from its position as the central and predominant sanction to become one institution among many in an extended grid of penal sanctions. Of course it continued to be of major importance, but it was now deployed in a different manner, for a narrower section of the criminal population and often as a back up sanction for other institutions, rather than a place of first resort†. 6 The Borstal System. 7 Alexander Paterson. 8 Sir William Joynson-Hicks.

Recognizing Depression for College Students

Recognizing Depression for College Students Mental Health Issues. Depression Some college students tend to experience the symptoms of different common mental issues, such as depression, anxiety, suicide, eating disorders, and addiction. It mostly happens due to a large amount of responsibilities and excessive anxiety. The National Alliance on Mental Illness says that while 1 in 4 students suffer from a diagnosable disease, about 40% of them dont seek help. In the meantime, failure to treat mental issues may result in debilitating consequences. This article aims at examining the issue of depression. Please, remember that this article isnt a substitute for a doctor visit. It has only introductory purpose and cant serve as a treatment guide. If you or your friend experiences any symptoms of depression, consult a specialist. Depression Depression makes the person feel helpless and detached from the world, impeding with the ability to do everyday tasks. According to a study held by the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors, over 36% of college students experience symptoms of depression. This mental issue is the major reason why students quit college. In serious cases, it may lead to aggravating symptoms and suicide. Symptoms Symptoms of depression can vary since a chemical imbalance in the brain causes different people to display this illness in various ways. The manifestation of symptoms also depends on how a person handles change and how prone they are to mental illnesses. Nevertheless, we can name the most common symptoms:Feelings of unhappiness, guilt, frustration, or anger (often for no explicit reason) Loss of interest in social activities Inability to concentrate Lack of energy Sleeplessness Loss of appetite Thoughts of death and suicide Everyone faces some of these symptoms once in a while, so their non-recurrent manifestation doesnt necessarily mean depression. However, the frequency of their appearance is an alarming sign. In this case, you dont have to be embarrassed or afraid of talking about your feelings. The manifestation of depressive symptoms in college students is understandable. After all, you face so many challenges being away from home, being overwhelmed with various assignments, and maintaining relationships with your friends or roommates. Therefore, you have to know how to recognize the signs of depression and timely treat them. Recognizing The Signs Of Depression In Your Friend To understand whether your friend needs professional help, consider the following questions:Did they stop enjoying the activities they used to like? Did they stop attending classes or social gatherings? Do they regularly experience sadness or anger? Are they talking about dying or suicide?If your answers are yes, provide necessary support to your friend. Dont criticize or judge them. Since your friend probably doesnt control his feelings, dont tell to cheer up. It wont help. Be patient, encourage seeking professional help, and be there for support. Recognizing The Signs Of Depression In Yourself To understand whether you have a depression, ask yourself such questions as:Do you regularly experience the feelings of hopelessness and sadness? Do you turn to alcohol or drugs to relieve your feelings? Do you have thoughts of death and suicide?In case your answer is yes to any of these questions, you need to consult a specialist for mental health assessment. Most likely, youll need the support of someone you know, so ask your friend or family member to accompany you. Depression Resources If you feel as if you have no one to turn to with your issue, you might want to consider this list of organizations that offer their support:National Institute of Mental Health aims to help detect the symptoms of depression, treat, and prevent it. ULifeline helps college students obtain necessary information about mental health and provides tips on helping friends who have mental issues. American College Health Association provides college students with helplines and brochures on different types of depression. The Jed Foundation gives emotional help to college students through special guides and events.Never leave symptoms of depression untreated. Be serious about this condition.

14 Resume Strategies for Recent Graduates

14 Resume Strategies for Recent Graduates Writing a resume can be hard even for the most seasoned professional. Writing one to net you your first job out of college can be downright terrifying. Here are 14  tricks you can use to maximize your chances of getting the interview, and getting your career off to a great start. 1. Use a professional email addressIt may have been a great laugh to be longduckdong16@yahoo.com back in the day, but now that you’re entering the adult world, it is high time to consider something a bit more†¦ mature. It might even help to create an address dedicated solely to job searching and your professional life. When in doubt, lastname.firstname or firstinitial.lastname@gmail.com ought to do the trick.2. Link to LinkedInIf you don’t already have a LinkedIn profile, make one. It will be a necessary tool for you now and in the many work years to come. Once you’ve set yourself up nicely, follow the instructions on the site to make a customized link, i.e. www.linkedin.com/in/Yo urNameMBA and include it in your resume. This will be particularly useful if you’re submitting a pdf; the recruiter will only have to click on the link to find your profile.3. Don’t pad it with fluffBS might have worked in your sociology intro class, but a professional hiring manager is going to see right through buzzwords like â€Å"team player† and â€Å"ambitious self-starter.† Try to be a bit more unique in your word choice and show your experience rather than relying on keywords. If your job description is clearly showcasing your teamwork or leadership skills, then you don’t need to oversell the point.4. OptimizeThat said, keywords are an important and useful tool, particularly when your resume might be evaluated online before reaching a sentient human. Rather than just include the usual â€Å"hardworking† and â€Å"strong leader† terms you think you have to include, try using keywords included in the job listing itself. Thatâ₠¬â„¢s a sure fire way to catch a company’s eye. Give them what they’re looking for!5. Leave high school out of itHiring managers are much more interested in your relevant work experience and what sort of work (and grades) you did in college. Also any skills or certifications you may have picked up along the way. Including high school education only makes you look like you’re desperate for filler. When in doubt, leave it out.6. Include your GPAIf your GPA is 3.0 or higher, go ahead and brag about it. And if your GPA within your major is even higher than that, showcase that achievement. They won’t care if you got a C+ in Underwater Basket-weaving. But if you have a 4.0 in Economics, they’ll be sure to pay attention.7. Don’t include your schoolworkWhile your GPA or major can be an asset in your job search, no recruiter really wants to know how you spent your class time (unless you did something really unique and exciting and/or prestigious). Th ey pretty much know what college is about- even specific to your major. Internships are much more relevant and impressive; focus on those.8. Play up your strong pointsIf you have a big internship or some other work experience that’s super impressive, lead with that. If you don’t, it’s okay to lead with other things, such as your grades, your intensive software knowledge, foreign language skills, programming experience, etc. If you have tons of honors but little work experience, you still might have enough oomph to get your foot in the door for an interview.9. Include company descriptionsFor each employer in your work history, include a brief description of the company- particularly if it isn’t a well known brand-name company that people will already be familiar with. Just a sense of the industry, the work done, and the work environment should do it. Keep it brief to maximize space.10. Use bulletsBullet points are an assertive visual way to draw a recruite r’s attention to exactly what you’d like for them to focus on. Go ahead and use this to your advantage. Bonus: you’ll get points for clear and eye-friendly formatting.11. Use action verbsLet your language do the bragging, especially if you don’t have a whole lot of work experience. You can put all the work verbs into sections describing your other experience. We’re thinking: managed, led, supervised, developed, created, built, etc.12. BragGo ahead and include any honors, scholarships, or extracurricular achievements you might have under your belt. Can’t hurt, might help.13. List your relevant skillsRead the job description carefully and multiple times. And be sure to pick out and list all of the skills it says are required for eligibility. Failure to list that you do, in fact, have fluency in that programming language, is your error. The recruiter isn’t responsible for knowing what you assume they should know. Make sure to explicitly list the things they’re looking for as things you can do.14. Don’t include referencesDon’t waste space on the â€Å"References available on request† line. It’s already implied. If they get close enough to hiring you to need them, rest assured that they will ask. You can also include this line in your cover letter instead.Now take a look at TopResume’s infographic showcasing what a perfect resume for recent college graduates would look like: